A recent Cochrane Systematic Review examined the effectiveness of programs offered through sporting organisations in promoting healthy behaviours and improving health outcomes. 

The review included 20 trials with 8,179 participants, primarily targeting adult members or supporters in football clubs across high-income countries. The findings suggest that while these programs may not significantly reduce sedentary behaviour, they probably increase physical activity and fruit and vegetable consumption. However, the impact on sugary drink and alcohol consumption, as well as tobacco use, remains uncertain.

Future studies should focus on diverse populations, including non-members, and assess long-term effects, unintended impacts, and cost-effectiveness. Emphasising those with lower socioeconomic status or higher risk behaviours could enhance the effectiveness of these interventions. This review highlights the potential of sporting organizations to contribute to public health efforts and the need for further research to optimise these programs.

See our visual summary of this review below and access the full text and plain language summary for more information. 

Hodder RK, O'Brien KM, Al-Gobari M, Flatz A, Borchard A, Klerings I, Clinton-McHarg T, Kingsland M, von Elm E. Interventions implemented through sporting organisations for promoting healthy behaviour or improving health outcomes. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2025, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD012170. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD012170.pub2